Be proactive to prevent project roadblocks and failures
Often in projects, the learning happens too late in the process and nothing can be done to impact the project outcomes. Use this template to conduct a pre-mortem to anticipate potential failures, obstacles, and challenges before a project begins.
Pre-mortems encourage teams to imagine a scenario where a project has already failed, and then work backward to identify the factors that could lead to that failure. By doing so, teams can proactively address these issues, mitigating risks and enhancing project success.
Anticipate potential risks before a project starts
Brainstorm solutions for problems before they happen
Define an action plan with key stakeholders to prevent project failure
Improve risk assessment among team members
In this section detail each step of the process in using the Mural template. These steps may be taken directly from the template itself.
Bring the team together at the beginning of the project and ask them to imagine that the project is over, and that it was a failure. Looking back, have everyone imagine what may have caused the project to fail using the “potential causes of failure” section.
Have each team member share the potential causes of failure they wrote down. As a team, group these by theme and vote on the most critical issues the team should address before the project starts. Move your final selection over into the “most important causes” section.
Individually, brainstorm solutions for preventing these potential risks from happening. Capture these ideas for preventative solutions in the “brainstorm solutions” section. Share and discuss as a team.
As a group, conduct a vote on which preventative solutions you will pursue and formalize a pre-mortem plan. Assign tasks to team members, establish timelines, and create a clear roadmap for risk mitigation in the “action plan” section.
Stay solution-oriented: While identifying issues is crucial, always focus on finding practical solutions to mitigate or eliminate them. Dedicate time for solving the problems you identify during the pre-mortem exercise.
Encourage divergent thinking: Welcome diverse perspectives and encourage creative problem-solving during the pre-mortem exercise. Do you have other teams that you collaborate with? Invite them to add potential issues for an outsider’s point-of-view.
Foster psychological safety: Create an environment where team members feel safe to voice their concerns without fear of criticism. It can be uncomfortable to plan for the worst, but psychological safety among the team can help break through the discomfort.
Group together similar ideas: Having a long list of things that can go wrong can be a little demoralizing. Try grouping together your project risks by theme to identify common trends and root causes.
Review problems after the project is over: After the project is over, follow up with the project team to conduct a retrospective or post-mortem. What problems occurred that weren’t identified in the pre-mortem meeting? What can the team do for the next project? Asking these questions will help the team build a playbook for the next pre-mortem.
A pre-mortem is a strategic exercise conducted before a project begins to anticipate potential failures, obstacles, and challenges. It's a method that empowers teams to imagine a scenario where a project has already failed, and then work backward to identify the factors that could lead to that failure.
During a pre-mortem, it's crucial to ask a series of targeted questions to stimulate discussions and identify potential issues. Some key questions to ask include:
What could go wrong with this project? Encourage team members to brainstorm and identify all possible risks and challenges, no matter how unlikely they may seem.
What assumptions are we making about this project? Challenge the assumptions underlying the project's success and consider what might happen if those assumptions prove incorrect.
Are there any dependencies or bottlenecks that could impede progress? Identify any factors, internal or external, that could cause delays or disruptions.
Are there potential communication breakdowns or misunderstandings that could occur? Explore how miscommunication or lack of clarity might impact the project's outcome.
What external factors or market changes could affect the project? Consider the broader context and how external influences might affect the project's success.
What are the worst-case scenarios for this project? Encourage team members to think creatively about the most extreme and unlikely failures.
When creating a pre-mortem, you should include your main project objective, important team members and stakeholders, potential causes of failure, and an action plan for addressing potential problems.
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